Grammar

Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh (F2): Dạng câu hỏi

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Hãy xem qua các ví dụ sau đây:

  1. She said to me, “Are you ready now?”
    She asked me if I was ready then.
  2. I said, “Where are you going now, Mary?”
    I asked Mary where she was going then.
  3. She usually says to me, “What time is it now?”
    She usually asks me what time it is now.

Quy tắc

Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp (direct speech) sang câu tường thuật (reported speech) đối với dạng câu hỏi (questions):

  1. Chuyển say (to) thành ask, wonder, want to know.
  2. Bỏ đi dấu phẩy.
  3. Chuyển dấu ngoặc kép thành if hoặc whether khi câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng một động từ.
  4. Thay đổi đại từ (Pronoun) và tính từ sở hữu (Possessive Adjectives).
  5. Đặt chủ ngữ (Subject) đứng trước động từ (Verb).
  6. Thay đổi thì của động từ (Verb Tenses) nếu động từ giới thiệu trước đó dùng thì quá khứ (She said…).
  7. Thay đổi những từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
  8. Chuyển dấu hỏi cuối câu thành dấu chấm.

Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật

  • Simple Present (walk) => Simple Past (walked)
  • Present Continuous (is walking) => Past Continuous (was walking)
  • Present Continuous (has walked) => Past Perfect (had walked)
  • Simple Future (will walk) => Conditional Present (would walk)
  • Simple Past (walked) => Past Perfect (had walked)
  • Past Continuous (was walking) => Past Perfect Continuous (had been walking)
  • Conditional Present (would walk) => Conditional Perfect (would have walked)
  • Past Perfect (had walked) => không đổi
  • Conditional Perfect (would have walked) => không đổi

Thay đổi những từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn

  • now => then
  • today => that day
  • this morning => that morning
  • tomorrow => the following day, the next day
  • yesterday => the day before, the previous day
  • ago => before
  • this, these => that, those
  • here => there
  • COME => GO

Bài tập

Chuyển những câu sau đây thành câu tường thuật:

  1. She said to him, “Swimming is good for female figure.”
    But he said, “Have you ever seen a duck?”
  2. He said to me, “She has a face like a flower.”
    I said, “What kind of flower is it?” And he said, “It is cauliflower.”
  3. He said to her, Carrots are very good for the eyes.”
    She said, “I don’t believe so.”
    He said, “Did you ever see a rabbit with glasses?”
  4. She said to him, “What is the difference between a woman and an umbrella?”
    He replied quietly, “I can shut up an umbrella, but I can’t a woman.”
  5. She: “When I sneeze I put my hand in front of my mouth.”
    He: “Why do you do that?”
    She: “To catch my teeth!”
Xem đáp án
  1. She told him that swimming was good for female figure but he asked if she had ever seen a duck.
  2. He told me that she had a face like a flower. I asked him what kind of flower it was. And he answered that it was cauliflower.
  3. He told her that carrots were very good for the eyes. She said that she didn’t believe so. He asked her if she had ever seen a rabbit with glasses.
  4. She asked him what the difference between a woman and an umbrella was. He replied quietly that he could shut up an umbrella but he couldn’t (shut up) a woman.
  5. She said that when she sneezed she put her hand in front of her mouth. He asked why she did that and she exclaimed that she did to catch her teeth.

A Handbook of English Sentence Writing
Giáo sư Lê Tôn Hiến

Ảnh: Jon Tyson

(Số lượt đọc: 12 lần, 1 lượt đọc hôm nay)

Tự học Anh ngữ là một dự án chia sẻ những kiến thức và kinh nghiệm học tiếng Anh miễn phí dành cho những ai muốn tự học tiếng Anh tại nhà.

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